buy cheap 3 4-dnma online cheap with overnight delivery.By Jonny Walfisz • Updated: 10/06/2022
It’s not just longer passport queues being blame on Brexit, as researchers say the UK’s EU exit, as well as Covid-19 lockdowns, has caused a dramatic drop in drug quality.buy cheap 3 4-dnma online cheap with overnight delivery
A new study has found that the quality of MDMA, also known as Ecstasy when in pill form, has severely dropped in quality in the UK since 2021.
What’s actually being sold
Researchers from The Loop, a UK drug-checking charity found that almost half (45%) of substances sold as MDMA at English festivals last year didn’t contain any MDMA at all.
To compare, in 2019, just 7% of substances sold as MDMA didn’t contain the drug.
Instead, much of the ‘MDMA’ sold in UK festivals seems to contain either cathinones, a chemical similar to other amphetamines, or just plain caffeine.
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“The drug market was turn upside down by Covid, lockdowns and Brexit combine,” Professor Fiona Measham, a co-author of the paper, chair of criminology at the University of Liverpool and director for The Loop told Euronews.
Are lockdowns to blame?
In 2021, the UK was one of the first European countries to reopen its nightlife after Covid-19 lockdowns. This was also seen as a likely cause of the change in quality of MDMA in the UK.
“COVID-19 lockdowns and the shutdown of UK nightlife led to a slump in demand for ‘party drugs’ and suppliers scaled back production. Then, as UK nightlife reopened ahead of other European countries, demand outpaced supply,” said Dr Michael Pasco, a Cardiff University research associate and co-lead author of the study.
Another interesting study tested the water supply of seven European cities across the Netherlands, Belgium and Italy during lockdowns and showed there wasn’t a decrease in use of some drugs like cannabis.
But there was a 50% drop in the use of MDMA. This is likely because it’s use as a party drug and naturally, there were far less parties in those cities during the pandemic.
“We reasoned that producers reduced production/supply of MDMA during the lockdowns due to decreased demand,” Measham says.
“Demand for MDMA would have decreased quite substantially whilst festivals, bars and clubs were unable to operate. Then once UK nightlife reopened after ‘Freedom Day,’ demand increased and outstripped supply in part because Dutch pill factories took a while to reopen and in part because the transport network between the UK and EU had virtually ground to a halt. Supermarket shelves were short of certain products for the same reasons.”
How Brexit played a part
But the researchers at The Loop think that the supply chain disruptions that have plagued post-Brexit trade are also to blame.
“This was compound by Brexit-relate supply chain disruptions affecting distribution. During this unprecedented turbulence in the drug market, substances that look like MDMA were mis-sold to unknowing customers,” Pascoe explains.
“The whole length of the supply chain was disrupt from manufacture and road haulage, through supply chains to the festivals, bars and clubs where party drugs would have been take,” adds Measham.
The reduction in Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) transporting items from the EU to the UK has also meant a reduction in the amount of trucks used to smuggle drugs.
